A Review of Heuristics and Hybrid Methods for Green Vehicle Routing Problems considering Emissions

Road freight transport is one of the sectors with highest greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption in logistics industry. In recent years, due to increase carbon dioxide emissions, several companies have considered reducing them their daily operations by means better routing management. Green vehicle problems (GVRPs) constitute a growing problem direction within interplay environmental sustainability that aims provide effective routes while considering concerns. These NP-hard are most studied ones green logistics, difficulty, there many different heuristic hybrid techniques solve under need having high-quality solutions reasonable computational time. Given role importance these methods, this review at providing comprehensive overview reviewing defining strategies components. addition, we analyze characteristics components related how being considered. Lastly, map benchmarks proposed so far for GVRP variants emissions.